Candida albicans is a type of microorganism that is a diploid fungus that can grow both in the form of filamentous cell and yeast, and is the cause of various types of infections in humans.

These microorganisms reside in areas of human body such as mouth, diaper areas, vagina, nose, throat, intestinal tract.

The resistance to these microorganisms is provided by the immune system of our body. Once our body becomes weak these microorganisms can affect our body.

Candida albicans are found in various body parts like the mouth and are considered to be normal to reside there. Fungi are generally considered to be plants but unlike plants they do not have any chlorophyll as a result of which they cannot make their own food. They are found to prefer cold and moist areas and can be found in the air we breathe, moist water,   manure, dead leaves and fruit.

GENOME

A feature of candida albicans is the presence of numeric and structural rearrangements by generating genetic diversity and it is named chromosome length polymorphism. The phenotypic changes are caused due to karyotypic alterations. These help them to adapt to different conditions. These mechanisms can be understood well only by complete analysis or study of the candida genome.

DIMORPHISM AND HETEROZYGOSITY

The fact is that the candida albicans are polyphonic, although they are referred to as dimorphic. They undergo phenotypic switching which is a process that resembles dimorphism.

The heterozygosis in candida genome is much more than any other genome. Non synonymous single base polymorphism produces two different types of proteins that differ in their composition of amino acids which leads to different functions of these two proteins. And this results in multiple types of proteins encoded by the genome increases.

Candida albicans prefer human host. They can enter the body of a small child just after birth and their population is kept in control by the immune system of the body.

When the immune system weakens there is development of oral thrush in the mouth. Almost 90 percent of the babies are tested to have candida microorganism in them and as they grow the candida resides in the body.

Candida albicans resides in our body and these are balanced by many different types of bacteria in our body .When the immune system of the body is weakened and the balance of the bacteria is disturbed then they can have effects on human body. These effects are caused due to candida overgrowth and can lead to oral thrush, candidiasis, vaginal infections in women etc.

Presently there are many factors that can upset the ecological balance in the human body and can lead to overgrowth of candida albicans thus weakening the immune system and having different types of effects in the human host.

A few of these factors are listed below:

1. Use of antibiotics, oral contraceptive pills that help in birth control.
2. Taking food having high content of sugar and carbohydrate, consuming alcohols, or any type of yeast containing products.
3. Pregnancy and multiple pregnancies also stimulate yeast overgrowth.
4. Exposure to environmental molds for a long duration of time.

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